21-Mat-B6 Ceramic Materials
Worked solutions to 9 past sittings (2013–2018), 63 questions. Pick a sitting, or start from a topic below.
- December 2018
- December 2017
- December 2016
- May 2016
- December 2015
- May 2015
- December 2014
- December 2013
- May 2013
Topics across the sittings
Topics that come up in more than one sitting, taken from the headings of our worked solutions. A topic counts once per sitting.
- Constructing a CCT Curve (6 sittings): December 2018 Q3 · May 2016 Q3 · December 2015 Q2 · May 2015 Q4 · December 2014 Q4 · December 2013 Q3
- Hardenability (5 sittings): December 2016 Q3 · December 2015 Q4 · May 2015 Q5 · December 2013 Q4 · May 2013 Q3
- TRIP (5 sittings): December 2017 Q7 · December 2015 Q7 · May 2015 Q6 · December 2014 Q7 · December 2013 Q6
- Air Quench (4 sittings): December 2018 Q4 · December 2017 Q6 · May 2016 Q5 · December 2014 Q6
- Austenitizing Temperature (4 sittings): December 2018 Q4 · December 2017 Q6 · May 2016 Q5 · December 2014 Q6
- High-Speed Tool Steel (4 sittings): December 2018 Q4 · December 2017 Q6 · May 2016 Q5 · December 2014 Q6
- Modern Automotive Sheet Steels (4 sittings): December 2015 Q7 · May 2015 Q6 · December 2014 Q7 · December 2013 Q6
- Multiple Tempering (4 sittings): December 2018 Q4 · December 2017 Q6 · May 2016 Q5 · December 2014 Q6
- Carbon-Dependence of Martensite Hardness (3 sittings): December 2015 Q4 · May 2015 Q5 · December 2013 Q4
- Cause of Stringer Ferrite (3 sittings): December 2018 Q7 · December 2017 Q5 · December 2016 Q7
- Driving Force (3 sittings): May 2016 Q4 · December 2014 Q5 · December 2013 Q5
- Ductility of Cast Irons (3 sittings): December 2015 Q6 · December 2013 Q7 · May 2013 Q6
- HSLA (3 sittings): December 2017 Q7 · May 2015 Q6 · December 2013 Q6
- Carbon Content (2 sittings): December 2014 Q3 · December 2013 Q1
- Carbon-Dependence of Hardness (2 sittings): May 2016 Q4 · December 2014 Q5
Questions by sitting
December 2018
- Question 1: Multiple-Choice and True/False — Iron, Steel and Martensite Fundamentals
- Question 2: Schematic Microstructures of SAE 1040 and SAE 1090 Steel at Prescribed Holding Temperatures
- Question 3: Question III: Constructing a CCT Curve, and the Physical Origin of the TTT “C” Shape
- Question 4: High-Speed Tool Steel (T1) — Austenitizing Temperature, Air Quench, and Multiple Tempering
- Question 5: Ductility of Gray Cast Iron — Micromechanism, Applications, and Producing a Ductile Grade
- Question 6: Why Tempering Softens Martensite, and Why the As-Quenched Carbon Effect Shrinks After Tempering
- Question 7: Question VII: Austempering of SAE 1032 Strapping in a Lead Bath, and the Cause of Stringer Ferrite
December 2017
- Question 1: Volumetric and Linear Strain of the Austenite–to–Martensite Transformation
- Question 2: Ductility of Grey Cast Iron — Micromechanism, Applications, and Producing a Ductile Grade
- Question 3: Question III: Why Tempering Softens Martensite, and Why the As-Quenched Carbon Effect Shrinks After Tempering
- Question 4: TTT-Curve Shape, the Effect of Alloying on Hardenability, and Double-Nosed Curves
- Question 5: Austempering of SAE 1032 Strapping in a Lead Bath, and the Cause of Stringer Ferrite
- Question 6: High-Speed Tool Steel (T1) — Austenitizing Temperature, Air Quench, and Multiple Tempering
- Question 7: Question VII: Modern Automotive Sheet and Structural Steels — TRIP, DP, IF and HSLA
December 2016
- Question 1: Proeutectoid Ferrite–Pearlite Micrograph, Its Formation, and Cementite Fraction Above the Eutectoid Temperature
- Question 2: Constructing TTT Curves, the Origin of the "C" Shape, and TTT vs. CCT Procedure
- Question 3: Question III: Hardenability — Significance, Alloying Effects, and the Role of Carbon in Martensite Hardness
- Question 4: Air Quenching of D2-Type Tool Steel and the Need for Multiple Tempers
- Question 5: Three Stages of Tempering in a Water-Quenched Mid-Carbon Steel (SAE 1045)
- Question 6: Brittleness of Grey Cast Iron and the Production of Ductile Cast Iron
- Question 7: Question VII: Austempering of SAE 1032 Strapping in a Lead Bath, and the Cause of Stringer Ferrite
May 2016
- Question 1: Schematic Microstructures of SAE 1040 and SAE 1090 Steel at Prescribed Holding Temperatures
- Question 2: Thermomechanical Treatment and Austempering
- Question 3: Question III: Constructing a CCT Curve, the TTT “C” Shape, and Why Some Steels Are Double-Nosed
- Question 4: Martensite — Driving Force, Micro-Mechanism, and Carbon-Dependence of Hardness
- Question 5: High-Speed Tool Steel (T1) — Austenitizing Temperature, Air Quench, Multiple Tempering, and the Hardening Mechanism
- Question 6: Carbon Form and Morphology in Gray and White Cast Iron
- Question 7: Question VII: Three Surface-Hardening Approaches in Modern Manufacturing
December 2015
- Question 1: Micrograph of a Hypoeutectoid Steel — Phase Identification, Carbon Estimate, and Weight Fraction of Austenite
- Question 2: Constructing a CCT Curve, and the Physical Origin of the TTT "C" Shape
- Question 3: Question III: Lath-Martensite Yield-Strength Equation, and Alloying Roles in a T1 High-Speed Tool Steel
- Question 4: Hardenability — Significance, Alloying-Element Effect, and Carbon-Dependence of Martensite Hardness
- Question 5: Tempering of Quenched SAE 1045 Steel — Three Stages
- Question 6: Ductility of Cast Irons
- Question 7: Question VII: Modern Automotive Sheet Steels — TRIP and DP Steels
May 2015
- Question 1: Composition of a Ferrite–Pearlite Steel, and Its Equilibrium Structure on Reheating
- Question 2: Continuous Grain-Boundary Cementite in a Hypereutectoid Steel
- Question 3: Question III: Volume and Linear Change on Martensite Formation, and the Equivalent Elastic Stress
- Question 4: Constructing a CCT Curve, and Why Its Lower ("Bainite") Portion Is Usually Incomplete
- Question 5: Hardenability, Temper Embrittlement, and the Carbon-Dependence of Martensite Hardness
- Question 6: Modern Automotive Sheet Steels — TRIP, DP, IF and HSLA
- Question 7: Question VII: Carbon Equivalent and the Brittleness of Gray Cast Iron
December 2014
- Question 1: Multiple-Choice and True/False — Iron, Steel and Martensite Fundamentals
- Question 2: Weight Fraction of Pearlite in a Hypereutectoid Steel, and a Quantitative-Metallography Discrepancy
- Question 3: Question III: Micrograph Interpretation — Carbon Content and Heat Treatment of Two Plain Carbon Steels
- Question 4: Constructing a CCT Curve, and the Physical Origin of the TTT "C" Shape
- Question 5: Martensite — Driving Force, Micro-Mechanism, and Carbon-Dependence of Hardness
- Question 6: High-Speed Tool Steel (T1) — Austenitizing Temperature, Air Quench, and Multiple Tempering
- Question 7: Question VII: Modern Automotive Sheet Steels — TRIP, DP and IF Steels
December 2013
- Question 1: Micrograph of a Hypoeutectoid Steel — Phase Identification, Formation, and Carbon Content
- Question 2: Preferred Nucleation Sites for Austenite Formation During Heating
- Question 3: Question III: Constructing a CCT Curve, and Why Its Lower ("Bainite") Portion Is Usually Incomplete
- Question 4: Hardenability, Temper Embrittlement, and the Carbon-Dependence of Martensite Hardness
- Question 5: Driving Forces and the Micro-Mechanism of Martensite Formation
- Question 6: Modern Automotive Sheet Steels — TRIP, DP, IF and HSLA
- Question 7: Question VII: Ductility of Cast Irons
May 2013
- Question 1: Microstructure of a Hypoeutectoid Steel — Micrograph Interpretation
- Question 2: Constructing a TTT Curve, and Why It Has a "C" Shape
- Question 3: Question III: Hardenability
- Question 4: Tempering of Quenched SAE 1045 Steel — Three Stages
- Question 5: Cementite Fraction in SAE 1090 Steel; Slow-Cool Microstructure
- Question 6: Ductility of Cast Irons
- Question 7: Question VII: T1 Tungsten High-Speed Tool Steel — Heat Treatment