18-Geol-A3 Sedimentation and Stratigraphy
Worked solutions to 7 past sittings (2013–2018), 111 questions. Pick a sitting, or start from a topic below.
Topics across the sittings
Topics that come up in more than one sitting, taken from the headings of our worked solutions. A topic counts once per sitting.
- Diagenesis (4 sittings): December 2018 Q10 · December 2017 Q3 · May 2016 Q6 · May 2015 Q9
- Facies (4 sittings): December 2018 Q13 · May 2018 Q14 · December 2017 Q6 · May 2016 Q3
- Carbonate Platform Types (3 sittings): December 2018 Q4 · December 2017 Q6 · May 2016 Q3
- Conformable (3 sittings): May 2018 Q15 · December 2017 Q16 · May 2016 Q13
- Depositional Sequences (3 sittings): December 2018 Q18 · December 2017 Q15 · May 2016 Q17
- Energy Distribution (3 sittings): December 2018 Q4 · December 2017 Q6 · May 2016 Q3
- Klovan Modification (3 sittings): December 2017 Q5 · May 2016 Q8 · May 2015 Q2
- System Tracts (3 sittings): December 2018 Q18 · December 2017 Q15 · May 2016 Q17
- Arenites (2 sittings): May 2015 Q3 · May 2014 Q3
- Cruziana Ichnofacies (2 sittings): May 2018 Q10 · December 2017 Q11
- Dunham Limestone Classification with Embry (2 sittings): December 2017 Q5 · May 2015 Q2
- Dunham/Embry (2 sittings): December 2018 Q1 · May 2018 Q2
- Folk (2 sittings): December 2018 Q1 · May 2018 Q2
- Genesis (2 sittings): December 2018 Q9 · May 2014 Q1
- Its Stages (2 sittings): December 2017 Q3 · May 2016 Q6
Questions by sitting
December 2018
- Question 1: Carbonate Rock Classification — Dunham/Embry & Klovan and Folk
- Question 2: Sandstone Classification Scheme (QFL)
- Question 3: Paleocurrent Indicators and Rose-Diagram Patterns
- Question 4: Carbonate Platform Types, Energy Distribution and Sediment Effects
- Question 5: Evolution of Textural Maturity with Kinetic Energy
- Question 6: Conglomerate and Diamictite — Classification by Clast Stability and Fabric Support
- Question 7: Breccia — Definition and Genetic Processes
- Question 8: Importance of Grain-Size Data — Petroleum, Groundwater and Process Interpretation
- Question 9: Bedded vs. Nodular Chert — Genesis and Silica Source
- Question 10: Diagenesis and Its Effect on Reservoir Quality
- Question 11: Deltaic System Components and Best Reservoir Unit
- Question 12: Framework Grains Diagnostic of Sediment Provenance
- Question 13: Facies and Walther's Law
- Question 14: Vertical and Lateral Formation Boundaries (Non-Tectonic)
- Question 15: Parasequence Sets — Progradational, Aggradational and Retrogradational
- Question 16: Criteria for Biostratigraphically Useful Fossils
- Question 17: Stratigraphic Terminology — Diastem, Microfacies, Assemblage Biozone, Polarity Zone
- Question 18: Depositional Sequence and Systems Tracts
- Question 19: Sedimentary Basins and Tectonic Regimes (Matching)
May 2018
- Question 1: Sandstone Classification Procedure
- Question 2: Limestone Classification — Dunham/Embry & Klovan and Folk
- Question 3: Mineralogical vs. Textural Maturity of Sandstones
- Question 4: Sorting and Its Depositional Significance
- Question 5: Chemical vs. Physical Weathering
- Question 6: Paleosol Definition and Field Recognition
- Question 7: Sedimentary Basins and Tectonic Regimes
- Question 8: Bouma Sequence and the Turbidite Depositional Model
- Question 9: Depositional Environments by Setting
- Question 10: Cruziana Ichnofacies
- Question 11: Fundamental Unit of Biostratigraphy
- Question 12: Index Fossils and Their Criteria
- Question 13: Chronostratigraphy vs. Geochronology
- Question 14: Facies and Walther's Law
- Question 15: Conformable vs. Unconformable Stratigraphic Contacts
- Question 16: Paleomagnetic Applications to Stratigraphy
- Question 17: Parasequence Definition
- Question 18: Forced Regression and the Falling-Stage Systems Tract
- Question 19: Concordant and Discordant Sequence-Boundary Configurations
December 2017
- Question 1: Products of Subaerial Physical and Chemical Weathering
- Question 2: Paleosols — Definition and Recognition
- Question 3: Diagenesis and Its Stages, with Process and Product Examples
- Question 4: Sandstone Framework, Matrix and Cement; QFL Classification
- Question 5: Dunham (1962) Limestone Classification with Embry & Klovan (1972) Modification
- Question 6: Carbonate Platform Types, Energy Distribution and Facies
- Question 7: Glacial, Eolian and Beach Sediments — Textural and Mineralogical Differences
- Question 8: Pelagic and Hemipelagic Deposit Components (Circle All Applicable)
- Question 9: Rip Currents and Longshore Currents — Formation and Sediment Dispersal
- Question 10: Meandering River Depositional Model
- Question 11: Near-Bed Flow Regime and Cruziana Ichnofacies (MCQ)
- Question 12: Fundamental Units of the Four Stratigraphic Sub-Disciplines
- Question 13: The Principle of Faunal Succession and Basin Analysis
- Question 14: Structure-Contour, Isopach and Lithofacies Maps in Basin Analysis
- Question 15: Depositional Sequences, System Tracts and Sea-Level Change
- Question 16: Conformable versus Unconformable Stratigraphic Boundaries
- Question 17: Basin Tectonic Setting and Syndepositional Structures (MCQ)
May 2016
- Question 1: Textural and Compositional Maturity of Sandstones
- Question 2: Paleocurrent Data Collection and Patterns
- Question 3: Carbonate Platform Types, Energy Distribution and Facies
- Question 4: Turbidity Current Triggers and the Turbidite Depositional Model
- Question 5: Sandstone Framework Grains and Provenance
- Question 6: Diagenesis and Its Stages
- Question 7: Gravel-in-Mud-Matrix Rock Name (MCQ)
- Question 8: Dunham (1962) Carbonate Classification with Embry & Klovan (1972) Modification
- Question 9: Framework Grain Types of Carbonate Sediments
- Question 10: Herringbone, Flaser and Lenticular Bedding
- Question 11: Sandstone Classification Scheme
- Question 12: Low-Energy, Sublittoral Ichnofacies (MCQ)
- Question 13: Conformable versus Unconformable Boundaries
- Question 14: Lithocorrelation and Biocorrelation
- Question 15: The Principle (Law) of Superposition
- Question 16: Biozone Definitions
- Question 17: Depositional Sequences and System Tracts
- Question 18: Eustatic versus Relative Sea-Level Change
- Question 19: Basin Type Related to Convergent Tectonics (MCQ)
May 2015
- Question 1: Products of Subaerial Weathering
- Question 2: Dunham (1964) Limestone Classification with Embry & Klovan (1972) Modification
- Question 3: Arenite versus Wacke Sandstones and Reservoir Quality
- Question 4: Sorting, Mud Content and Roundness — Sandstone Maturity
- Question 5: Framework Particles that Reflect Source-Area Lithology
- Question 6: Paleocurrent Indicators and Rose-Diagram Patterns
- Question 7: Structural Groups of Anhydrite and Gypsum
- Question 8: Sedimentary Phosphorites — Definition and Origin
- Question 9: Diagenesis and Reservoir-Quality Controls
- Question 10: Carbonaceous Sedimentary Rocks — the Exception
- Question 11: Formation of Fluvial Point Bars
- Question 12: Ichnofacies and Their Importance
- Question 13: Non-Tectonic Synsedimentary Folds and Faults
- Question 14: Sea-Level Change and Vertical Stacking Patterns
- Question 15: Stratigraphic Discontinuities Representing Temporal Gaps
- Question 16: Sequence Stratigraphy versus Lithostratigraphy
- Question 17: Applications of the Borehole Caliper Log
- Question 18: Interpreting a Biostratigraphic Line of Correlation
May 2014
- Question 1: Carbonates — Genesis and Two Contrasting Types
- Question 2: Five Sedimentological Terms — Definitions and Significance
- Question 3: Mudstones, Wackes and Arenites
- Question 4: Litho-, Bio-, Chemo- and Allostratigraphy
- Question 5: Debris Flows and Turbidites
- Question 6: Five Short Sedimentological Topics
- Question 7: Airy and Pratt Isostasy Models
May 2013
- Question 1: Transgressions and Regressions
- Question 2: Recognizing Evolutionary and Migratory Events and Biofacies in the Rock Record
- Question 3: Flow Regime, Froude Number, Bed Forms and Sedimentary Structures
- Question 4: Engineering-Related Differences Between Siliciclastic and Carbonate Sediments
- Question 5: Cyclic Deltaic Deposits — Distinguishing Features and Engineering Significance
- Question 6: The Role of CO₂ in the Formation of Limestone
- Question 7: Meandering Stream vs. Alluvial Fan Depositional Models
- Question 8: Definitions
- Question 9: Mudstones, Wackes and Arenites for Terrigenous Sandstones
- Question 10: Clastic and Non-Clastic Chemical Precipitates and Biochemical Rock Types
- Question 11: Lithostratigraphy, Biostratigraphy, Chemostratigraphy and Allostratigraphy in the Global Time Scale
- Question 12: Methods for Recognizing Biofacies in the Rock Record