22-Agric-A5 Principles of Instrumentation
Worked solutions to 8 past sittings (2015–2018), 56 questions. Pick a sitting, or start from a topic below.
Topics across the sittings
Topics that come up in more than one sitting, taken from the headings of our worked solutions. A topic counts once per sitting.
- Calibration (6 sittings): May 2018 Q1 · December 2017 Q1 · May 2017 Q1 · May 2016 Q1 · December 2015 Q1 · May 2015 Q1
- Signal Conditioning (6 sittings): December 2018 Q2 · May 2018 Q2 · December 2017 Q2 · May 2016 Q2 · May 2015 Q2 · Undated paper Q1
- Measurement Fundamentals (4 sittings): May 2018 Q1 · May 2016 Q1 · December 2015 Q1 · May 2015 Q1
- Noise (4 sittings): December 2017 Q2 · May 2017 Q1 · December 2015 Q2 · Undated paper Q1
- Analog-to-Digital Conversion (2 sittings): December 2018 Q5 · May 2018 Q5
- Data Acquisition (2 sittings): December 2015 Q2 · May 2015 Q2
- Dynamic Response (2 sittings): December 2017 Q1 · May 2017 Q5
- Instrumentation Fundamentals (2 sittings): December 2017 Q1 · May 2017 Q1
- Noise Rejection (2 sittings): May 2018 Q2 · May 2016 Q2
- Sensitivity (2 sittings): December 2018 Q6 · May 2017 Q1
- Signal Transmission (2 sittings): December 2017 Q2 · May 2017 Q2
- Thermistors (2 sittings): May 2018 Q3 · May 2015 Q5
- Thermocouples (2 sittings): May 2018 Q3 · May 2015 Q5
Questions by sitting
December 2018
- Question 1: Calibration Practice
- Question 2: Signal Conditioning and Transmission
- Question 3: First-Order Thermometer Dynamics
- Question 4: Capacitive Sensing & the Hysteresis Oscillator
- Question 5: Analog-to-Digital Conversion
- Question 6: Sensitivity, Selectivity, and Detection Reliability
- Question 7: Optical Colour Sensing
May 2018
- Question 1: Calibration and Measurement Fundamentals
- Question 2: Signal Conditioning and Noise Rejection
- Question 3: Thermocouples and Thermistors
- Question 4: Load Cell Strain Gauges
- Question 5: Analog-to-Digital Conversion and Line-Frequency Rejection
- Question 6: The Measurement System Chain
- Question 7: Electrochemical Carbon Monoxide Sensor
December 2017
- Question 1: Instrumentation Fundamentals — Calibration, Resolution, and Dynamic Response
- Question 2: Signal Transmission, Noise, and Signal Conditioning
- Question 3: Metal-Oxide $H_2S$ Sensor — Calibration, Outliers, and Product Liability
- Question 4: Op-Amp Low-Pass Filter Design and High-Impedance Practice
- Question 5: Bernoulli-Based Flow Meters (Orifice, Venturi, Flume)
- Question 6: Wheatstone Bridge — Strain Gage / RTD Signal Conditioning
- Question 7: Electrochemical Sensors — pH (Potentiometric) and Oxygen (Amperometric)
May 2017
- Question 1: Instrumentation Fundamentals — Sensitivity, Noise, and Calibration
- Question 2: Signal Transmission, Conditioning, and Data Conversion
- Question 3: Operational-Amplifier Instrumentation Amplifiers
- Question 4: Granular-Material Density and Moisture Measurement
- Question 5: Thermocouple Temperature Measurement and Dynamic Response
- Question 6: Spectrophotometric Measurement (Beer-Lambert Law)
- Question 7: Analog and Digital Filtering of Measurement Signals
May 2016
- Question 1: Calibration and Measurement Fundamentals
- Question 2: Signal Conditioning and Noise Rejection
- Question 3: RTD and Thermistor Signal Conditioning
- Question 4: Beam-Type Accelerometers
- Question 5: Anemometry
- Question 6: Electrical and Mechanical Filtering
- Question 7: Calibration-Curve Fitting and Error Models
December 2015
- Question 1: Calibration and Measurement Fundamentals
- Question 2: Noise, Sensing Circuits and Data Acquisition
- Question 3: Strain-Gage Wheatstone Bridge for a Cantilever Beam
- Question 4: Three-Op-Amp Instrumentation Amplifier
- Question 5: Thermistor Temperature Sensing — Reference-Resistor Selection and Averaging
- Question 6: Photodiode and Phototransistor Light Sensing
- Question 7: Orifice Meter Flow Rate
May 2015
- Question 1: Calibration and Measurement Fundamentals
- Question 2: Signal Conditioning and Data Acquisition
- Question 3: Strain-Gauge Hysteresis and Dynamic Settling Time
- Question 4: Capacitive Moisture Measurement
- Question 5: Temperature Sensing — Thermistors and Thermocouples
- Question 6: Digital Data Acquisition
- Question 7: Optical Sensors
Undated paper
- Question 1: Noise, Errors and Signal Conditioning
- Question 2: Sensor Principles
- Question 3: Inertial Measurement Units
- Question 4: Ionization and Optical Smoke Detectors
- Question 5: Non-Linear Calibration and Error Structure
- Question 6: Electrical Conductivity and Precision Rectification
- Question 7: Flow Measurement